The Aermacchi or Macchi MB-326 is a light military jet aircraft designed in Italy. Originally conceived as a two-seat trainer aircraft, there are also one-seat and two-seat light attack versions.
Design and development
Aermacchi began design work on the MB-326 in 1954 and it first flew in December 1957. Conventional in appearance, the MB-326 had a single Bristol-Siddeley Viperturbojet engine in the 9 kN (2,000 lbf) thrust class, a low, straight wing, and the two seats in tandem.
Flight testing showed that the type was agile and powerful, and the Italian Air Force began taking delivery of the first of 106 in February 1962. Macchi also developed an armed version with underwing hardpoints for bombs, rockets, or guns, and increased performance with more powerful versions of the Viper (which was now officially a Rolls-Royce product) and offered it for export.
South Africa's Atlas Aircraft locally assembled 191 as the Impala Mk.I, starting in 1966. Australia manufactured 97 MB-326Hs under licence from 1967, choosing the type in preference to the Saab 105, Canadair CL-41 Tutor, and BAC Jet Provost. 170 MB-326 aircraft were built under licence in Brazil by Embraer, and were given the Brazilian Air Force designation AT-26 Xavante.
The MB-326, like its competitors the Cessna T-37 and the BAC Jet Provost, was designed and ordered in the period when the "all-through" jet trainer was a fashionable concept in many air forces. The idea was to provide a single type that could be used for both elementary and advanced training right through to near combat-ready standard. In practice it was soon discovered that the simplicity and economy of scale of operating just one type for all training purposes was far outweighed by the purchase and operating costs of a large all-jet training fleet. Most operators quickly added a cheaper piston-engined type for basic training, and the MB-326 found its primary role as a lead-in trainer to prepare pilots for transition to very high performance fighter aircraft.
The Royal Australian Air Force used the MB-326H as a jet trainer. The RAAF's aerobatic team, The Roulettes flew the MB-326H from December 1970 until 1989. Although widely liked for its excellent handling and well-suited to its task, the service career of the MB-326 was cut short because of structural fatigue problems: the Australian fleet, for example, had a life of type extension program in the 1980s and were then re-winged in the early 1990s after a fatigue-related crash, but even so the MB-326 was supplemented by new Pilatus PC-9 trainers to reduce flying hours and the last examples had been withdrawn by 2001.
A single-seat light attack variant of the MB-326, the MB-326K with a further uprated 4,000 lbf (18 kN) thrust Viper engine and strengthened airframe was offered for sale from 1970. It found no buyers to begin with, but from 1974 small numbers were ordered by the UAE, Ghana, Tunisia and Zaire, and 80 were assembled by South Africa as the Impala Mk.II, making it one of the more successful single-seat developments of a two-seat jet trainer.
MB-326GB : Two-seat jet trainer, ground-attack aircraft. Eight were sold to the Argentine Navy. 17 aircraft were exported to Zaire, and another 22 aircraft to Zambia.
MB-326GC : Two-seat jet trainer, ground-attack aircraft for the Brazilian Air Force. Built under licence in Brazil as the EMBRAER EMB-326. 167 aircraft were built for the Brazilian Air Force. Eleven of the Brazilian aircraft were transferred to the Argentine Navy after the Falklands War ( Spanish language: Guerra de las Malvinas ). Six aircraft were exported to Togo, and another ten aircraft to Paraguay. Total production 182 aircraft.
AT-26 Xavante : Brazilian Air Force designation of the MB-326GC.
RT-26 Xavante : A number of AT-26 Xavantes were converted into reconnaissance aircraft.
MB-326K : Single-seat ground-attack aircraft for the South African Air Force. Built under licence in South Africa by the Atlas Aircraft Corporation.
Impala II : South African Air Force designation of the MB-326K.
MB-326KB : Single-seat ground-attack aircraft for Zaire. (Six built).
MB-326KD : Single-seat ground-attack aircraft for Dubai. (Three built).
MB-326KG : Single-seat ground-attack aircraft for Ghana. (Four Built).
MB-326KT : Single-seat ground-attack aircraft for Tunisia. (Seven built).
MB-326L : Two-seat advanced jet trainer aircraft.
MB-326LD : Two-seat advanced jet training aircraft for Dubai. (Two built).
MB-326LT : Two-seat advanced jet training aircraft for Tunisia. Four built.
MB-326M : Two-seat jet trainer, ground-attack aircraft for the South African Air Force. Built under licence in South Africa by the Atlas Aircraft Corporation.
Impala I : South African Air Force designation of the MB-326M.
MB-326RM : Five Italian Air Force MB-326s were converted into ECM aircraft.
